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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of two joint events: the 25th International Workshop on Software Measurement (IWSM) and the 10th International Conference on Software Process and Product Measurement (Mensura), referred to as IWSM-Mensura 2015 and held in Kraków, Poland, in October 2015. Software measurement is a key methodology in estimating, managing, and controlling software development and management projects. The 13 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. They present various theoretical and empirical results related to software measurement and its application in industrial projects.

During the past three decades, there has been a growing concern over the in crease in noise pollution that comes as a direct result of the increased volume of automobile traffic, high-speed trains, and larger aircraft. Additional sources of noise are commonly found in air handling equipment (such as fans and pro pellers) and a variety of machinery used in construction and manufacturing. A vast majority of these noise sources are the result of a given system's aero acoustic response, or sound generated by the interaction of a flow field with the given structure. While barriers are commonly used to shield communities from highway and train noise, and absorption materials are used to shield machinery noise, there is no way to shield communities near major airports from the noise gen erated by low-flying aircraft. Tens of millions of people worldwide are affected by this airport noise problem. In densely populated Europe, up to 15 % of the total population is strongly influenced by airport noise. Since the volume of air traffic will continue to grow, so too will the problem and the number of people involved. It is not surprising that many countries and communities have taken legal action to preserve the quality of life in these areas. As a result, the airlines, airports, manufacturers and governments are working together to set new standards for aircraft noise reduction. In order to establish realistic goals, the generation and propagation of acoustic sources must be better understood.

The book covers all recent developments in Conjoint Analysis. Leading scientists present theory and applications of this technique. In short, the following models, techniques, and applications are discussed: normative models that maximize return, extension of choice-based conjoint simulations, latent class, hierarchical Bayes modelling, new choice simulators, normative models for representing competitive actions and reactions (based on game theory), applications in diverse areas, computation of monetary equivalents of part worth, share/return optimisation (including Pareto frontier analysis), coupling of conjoint analysis with the perceptual and preference mapping of choice simulator results.

Validationofmeasurementmethodshasbeenusedforavery ciated measurement uncertainty? The answer must be: no. longtimeinchemistry. Itismostlybasedontheexamination Therecanneverbeamechanismorrecipeforproducing - of a measurement procedure for its characteristics such as tomatically valid results because one can never eliminate precision, accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, repeatability, re- theskills,theroleandtheresponsibilityoftheanalyst. producibility,detectionlimit,quanti?cationlimitandmore. ISO 9000:2000, item 3. 8. 5 de?nes validation as con?r- When focussing on quality comparability and reliability mation by examination and provision of objective evidence in chemical measurement, the ?elds of interest to this Jour- that the requirements for an intended use are ful?lled . The nal, one stumbles into various interpretations of the term revised edition of the VIM ( VIM3 ), is likely to ?ne-tune validation. It is one more example of a term which is used thisde?nitionoftheconcept validation tobe con?rmation sometimes very consistently, sometimes very loosely or in- through examination of a given item and provision of - deed ambiguously. Since the term is very common in the jective evidence that it ful?lls the requirements for a stated chemical community, it is important that its meaning be intendeduse . nd clear. Turning to the 2 edition of the International Vo- Lookingatsimplepractice, manypeoplearelookingfor cabulary of Basic and General terms in Metrology (VIM) aformaldecisionthatagivenmeasurementmethod automat- (1993), surprisingly we do not ?nd a de?nition. Webster s ically gives them valid i. e. reliable results. One wonders Dictionary of the English language (1992) tells us that val- what this has to do with stated intended use . Reliab- idation is making or being made valid . Obviously valida- ity clearly is a property of a measurement result.

terms of the scatter of the results, e.g. in round-robin tests. In considering the role of AQA in the higher education sector it is necessary to differentiate between the various university activities which include services, research and development and teaching, as follows: - Routine chemical analyses (including ad hoc analyses) performed for external clients and for the university's own measurement campaigns (e.g. investigations of the quality of waste-water and air) requiring full documentation. - Routine chemical analyses carried out for internal clients as a service to research in other Chemistry Departments such as Inorganic, Organic, and Biochemistry. - Chemical analyses performed as part of research and development work not only in Analytical Chemistry but also in other chemical disciplines such as Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry. - Chemical analyses carried out within the framework of research projects having pre-eminent goals which are analytically-based (e.g. studies of the temporal and spatial variations in metal-species concentrations in riverwater; determination of the gas composition in a waste incinerator as a function of the operating parameters). These considerations also apply to the whole range of scientific disciplines in which chemical measurements are made, such as Biology, Geology, Medicine, Microbiology, Mineralogy, Ecology, Pharmacy, Toxicology etc.

Metrological traceability of chemical measurement results means the establishment of a relation to metrological stated references through an unbroken chain of comparisons. This volume collects 56 outstanding papers on the topic, mostly published in the period 2000-2003 in the journal Accreditation and Quality Assurance. They provide the latest understanding, and possibly the rationale why it is important to integrate the concept of metrological traceability including suitable measurement standards such as certified reference materials, into the standard measurement procedures of every analytical laboratory. In addition, this anthology considers the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the measurement results.

This book provides a compilation of important optical techniques applied to experiments in heat and mass transfer, multiphase flow and combustion. The emphasis of this book is on the application of these techniques to various engineering problems. The contributions are aiming to provide practicing engineers, both in industry and research, with the recent state of science in the application of advanced optical measurements. The book is written by selected specialists representing leading experts in this field who present new information for the possibilities of these techniques and give stimulation of new ideas for their application.

The current scientific and technical literature in the fields of medi cine and engineering, in addition to learned society journals, embraces textbooks, monographs and conference proceedings. The last of these cate gories is potentially of prime importance given the increasing pace at which knowledge is advancing. However, traditional conference proceedings often tend to be indigestable, both due to their excessive volume and to the un evenness of the ingredients. Here we have attempted to overcome these deficiencies by selecting a set of contributions which, in our opinion, in the best sense convey the flavour of the 4th IMEKO Conference on Advances in Biomedical Measurement. This meeting, which took place in Bratislava in May, 1987, was held concurrently with the 1st Regional Conference of the Socialist European Countries on Biomedical Engineering and the 2nd Czecho slovak Conference on Biomedical Engineering. From more than 200 papers presented in 14 sessions, 56 contributions have been selected to represent four major areas within which advances in biomedical measurement are occurring. These are: measurement and instru mentation (including prosthetics); signal and image processing; modelling and simulation; and decision support. The process of deciding which authors should be invited to contribute to this volume was not always easy. What we have tried to do is to achieve a mix which provides an overview of the state of the art across this broad spectrum of endeavour.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2019, held in Puerto Varas, Chile, in March 2019. The 20 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of important networking measurement and analysis topics from low layers of the network stack up to applications, using measurements at scales large and small, and covering important aspects of the network ecosystem such as routing, DNS, privacy, security, and performance. They are organized in the following topical sections: mobile networks; measurement at Internet scale; measuremen at other scales; domain names; failures; security and privacy; and Web.

This bookconstitutes the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Passive andActive Measurement, PAM 2016, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in March/April2016.The 30 full papers presented in this volume werecarefully reviewed and selected from 93 submissions. They are organized intopical sections named: security and privacy; mobile and cellular; the lastmile; testbeds and frameworks; web; DNS and routing; IXPs and MPLS; andscheduling and timing.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2017, held in Sydney, Australia, in March 2017. The 20 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 87 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on IPv6, Web and applications, security, performance, latency, characterization and troubleshooting, and wireless.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2018, held in Berlin, Germany, in March 2018. The 20 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 50 submissions. The papers demonstrate the import and extent to which measurements pervade systems - from protocols to performance to security. They are organized in the following topical sections: models and inference; security and privacy; CDNs; DNS; certificates; interdomain routing; and analyzing protocols.

It is now becoming recognized in the measurement community that it is as important to communicate the uncertainty related to a specific measurement as it is to report the measurement itself. Without knowing the uncertainty, it is impossible for the users of the result to know what confidence can be placed in it; it is also impossible to assess the comparability of different measurements of the same parameter. This volume collects 20 outstanding papers on the topic, mostly published from 1999-2002 in the journal Accreditation and Quality Assurance. They provide the rationale for why it is important to evaluate and report the uncertainty of a result in a consistent manner. They also describe the concept of uncertainty, the methodology for evaluating uncertainty, and the advantages of using suitable reference materials. Finally, the benefits to both the analytical laboratory and the user of the results are considered.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2021, which was planned to be held in Cottbus, Germany, in March 2021. Due to the Corona pandemic, the conference was organized as a virtual meeting. The 33 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 75 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: COVID-19; web security; video streaming; TLS; staying connected; DoS; performance; network security; DNS; capacity; and exposing hidden behaviors. Due to the Corona pandemic, PAM 2021 was held as a virtual conference.

In this tribute to Benjamin Wright, former students and colleagues recall the foundational contributions he made to the theory and practice of measurement in a career spanning over five decades. Wright is recognized as the foremost proponent of the psychometric approach of Georg Rasch, a Danish mathematician, whose ideas continue to provoke controversy. Wright's colleagues and students, and students of their students, are leaders in educational research and practice around the world. This volume relates the extent of Wright's influence far beyond education and psychology, where his work in measurement began, into health care and the social sciences at large. The editors and contributors-all leading measurement scholars-trace the development of themes in Wright's work, identifying the roots of today's formative assessment methods, the integration of quantitative and qualitative data, and the contrast between scientific and statistical methods. These previously unpublished papers reflect on Wright's lifelong passion for making measurement both more scientific and more meaningful. They recount how Wright's insight, energy, and gregarious nature led him to produce multiple innovations in computing, estimation methods, model development, fit assessment, and reliability theory, stimulating practical applications in dozens of fields, serving on over 120 dissertation committees, and founding several professional societies. The volume includes three reprinted articles by Wright that provide insights into his early engagement with Rasch's ideas. Psychological and Social Measurement will be welcomed by the broad international measurement community of professionals and researchers working in such diverse fields as education, psychology, health sciences, management, and metrology. Scientists working in any field involving measurement science and technology will appreciate an inside look at this seminal figure and a new perspective on the expanding conversation across the sciences about measurement and the communication of meaningful, transparent information.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2020, which was planned to be held in Eugene, Oregon, USA, in March 2020. Due to the Corona pandemic, the conference was organized as a virtual meeting. The 19 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: active measurement; security; best practices and conformance; domain names; topology and routing; topology - alias resolution; and Web.

This volume provides an informed review of the accomplishments of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics (WG) in the provision of international data and statistics on disability. It does so within the context of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The volume includes a description of the development and testing of a short set of questions for Censuses, now used in approximately 29 countries and recommended in the U.N.'s Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses: The 2020 Round, which includes disability as a core topic to be collected in censuses. It discusses the experiences of several countries on the use of the WG questions and how this has impacted on national agendas in the area of disability. It follows the development and testing of an extended set of questions for use in national surveys other than censuses and examines the challenges of translation and the importance of generating comparable question sets in different languages and within different cultures. It studies the examination of cognitive testing techniques in a variety of countries, and presents the results of the first round of censuses in 2010 in countries using the six question set. The volume includes discussions of the new development of question modules on a broad range of child disability and functioning, and the environmental contexts of participation that are part of the current work of the WG. In addition, it contains a reflection on the use of the WG's functionality approach to identifying disabilities by humanitarian agencies to identify disabilities in populations of displaced persons. A thoughtful conclusion addresses what the development of cross-nationally comparable data can mean for the improvement of circumstances for all persons with disabilities.

This book offers an overview and practical guide to application of results of the European Union's 'Advanced Inflight Measurement Techniques (AIM)' project, which applied advanced image based measurement techniques to industrial flight testing.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Passive and Active Measurement, PAM 2022, held in March 2022. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, the conference was held virtually. The 15 full papers and 15 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers present emerging and early-stage research in network measurements - work that seeks to better understand complex, real-world networked systems and offer critical empirical foundations and support to network research.

Optical frequency measurement is an extremely challenging field of experimental physics which is presently undergoing a renaissance driven by the needs of modern high density optical communication systems as well as by requirements of high-resolution laser spectroscopy. This text is the first to discuss the development of traditional and second generation frequency chains together with their enabling technology. Reviews written by some of the most experienced researchers in their respective fields address the technology of frequency metrology such as: low noise microwave oscillators and microwave frequency standards, low noise and high stability optical frequency sources, optical frequency standards, traditional and second-generation optical frequency measurement and synthesis techniques as well as optical frequency comb generators. It should prove useful to researchers just entering the field of frequency metrology or equally well to the experienced practitioner.